Notes and Selected Citations

Timeline

ix	Author interview with Michael de Adder, October 2019.

Introduction

3	Paul Waters, “Three more flee Cowansville jail,” Montreal Gazette, 19 April 1973, 1.
4	Quote attributed to Martin Scorsese. Neil Genzlinger.“Director’s satiric comedies took long road to acclaim.” Obit of Robert Downey Sr, Globe and Mail, 9 July 2021, B16.
5	Author interview with Anthony Jenkins, September 2019.
5	George D. Lawrence, Montreal Herald, 26 February 1912. In an Ottawa 3–2 overtime victory against Montreal in 1911–12, reports noted that after Henri Dallaire “got a toss [a check] that laid him out,” teammate Jack Laviolette “carried him shoulder high off the battlefield.”
6	Matthew Diffee. Hand Drawn Jokes for Smart Attractive People, cover.
6	Eddie Campbell, The Goat Getters, Jack Johnson, The Fight of the Century, and How a Bunch of Raucous Cartoonists Reinvented Comics, 7.
6	Victor S. Navasky, The Art of Controversy: Political Cartoons and their Enduring Power, 33.
6	Ibid, 45.

Chapter 1

8	Author interview with Brian Gable, September 2019.
9–10	Peter Desbarats and Terry Mosher, The Hecklers, 149.
10	Author interview with Bruce MacKinnon, September 2019.
11	Author interview with Tim Dolighan, September 2019.
11	One of several quotes used by Gary Bettman on hockey’s fans being the best fans in sports.
11	Eric Whitehead, Cyclone Taylor: A Hockey Legend, 22.
11	Ibid., 70.
11	Author interview with Tim Dolighan, September 2019.
13	J. W. Fitsell, Hockey’s Captains, Colonels & Kings, 55–57.
13	Kevin Shea and John Jason Wilson, Lord Stanley: The Man Behind the Cup, 361.
18	“Winnipeg Team Won,” Montreal Daily Star, 13 February 1900.
18	A. H. Beaton, “Some Observations on Hockey,” Canadian Magazine, March 1902, 435.
18	Eddie Campbell, The Goat Getters, Jack Johnson, The Fight of the Century, and How a Bunch of Raucous Cartoonists Reinvented Comics, 84.
18	Ibid., 88.
18	Ibid., 88–89.
19	Ibid., 104.
19	“Popular Cartoonist, George Lawrence Dies,” Montreal Herald, 15 October 1948.
20	“Ross and M’Giffin [sic] Fined,” The Globe, 19 February 1915, 10.
20	“The Police Arrest M’Giffin [sic] and Ross,” The Globe, 18 February 1915, 9.
21	“Wanderers, In Fine Condition, Won Out,” Montreal Daily Star, 27 January 1908.
22	J. W. Bengough, A Caricature History of Canadian Politics, edition 1974, Introduction by Doug Fetherling, vi.
22	“Hockey, Canada’s Great Winter Sport,” Toronto Sunday World, 21 January 1912, 1.
28–29	Len Norris, 14th Annual Collection of Norris: 101 Cartoons from the Vancouver Sun, Introduction by Bruce Hutchison, 1965.
29	Author interview with Aislin, September 2019.

Chapter 2

30	Eric Whitehead, Cyclone Taylor: A Hockey Legend, 21.
31	“Hockey Fanatics Wait Hours in Cold and Snow for Tickets,” winnipegfalcons.com, 1920s.
32	Andrew C. Holman, Canada’s Game Hockey and Identity, cited in “Between a Puck and a Showpiece,” Richard Harrison, 153.
32	“Many Fainted in Ottawa,” Montreal Daily Star, 4 March 1907.
32	“Wanderers Beaten When Victory was in their Grasp,” Montreal Daily Star, 12 February 1905, 2.
32	“Winnipeg Team Won,” Montreal Daily Star, 13 February 1900.
32	“Wanderers Beaten When Victory was in their Grasp,” Montreal Daily Star, 12 February 1905, 2.
32	Sprague Cleghorn with Frederick Edwards, “It’s a Tough Game,” Maclean’s, 1 December 1934, 15.
32	“Ottawa’s Test!,” Ottawa Free Press, 11 January 1908.
32	Frederick B. Edwards, “High Hat Hockey,” Maclean’s, 15 December 1927, 5.
34	Eric Whitehead, Cyclone Taylor: A Hockey Legend, 40.
34	Andrew C. Holman, Canada’s Game Hockey and Identity, cited in “Between a Puck and a Showpiece,” Richard Harrison, 153.
34	Ibid., 153.
34	Stacy L. Lorenz and Geraint B. Osborne, “‘Talk About Strenuous Hockey’: Violence, Manhood, and the 1907 Ottawa Silver Seven–Montreal Wanderer Rivalry,” Journal of Canadian Studies, Vol. 40, No. 1, Winter 2006, 149.
34	Austen Lake, “Sports Parade,” “A Short Analysis of Eddie Shore and his Kind,” Boston Evening American, 14 December 1933. Similar quote to Lake’s “The bad boys of any sport are always the ones with the greatest customer pull.”
34	Stacy L. Lorenz and Geraint B. Osborne, “‘Talk About Strenuous Hockey’: Violence, Manhood, and the 1907 Ottawa Silver Seven–Montreal Wanderer Rivalry,” Journal of Canadian Studies, Vol. 40, No. 1, Winter 2006, 126. From a David Seglins quote. Seglins “argues that from the game’s beginnings to today, ‘violent forms of hockey have been tolerated, legitimized, ritualized and at times celebrated by players, fans, organizers, commentators and the Canadian state’ (1995, 41)”.
34	The Tragically Hip, lyrics to “Thompson Girl.” Robert Baker, Gordon Downie, Johnny Fay, Joseph Paul Langlois, Robert Gordon Sinclair.
35	Eric Whitehead, Cyclone Taylor: A Hockey Legend, 30
36	Charles Chamberlin, “Antics of Hockey Fans Stirs Chicago Ice-cleaner’s Wonder,” Montreal Gazette, 19 January 1944, 6.
36	C. Michael Hiam, Eddie Shore and that Old Time Hockey, 174.
38	“Greatest Hockey Riot Even Seen, Staged At Mt. Royal Arena Last Night, When Wrought–up Crowd Yelled For Referee Marsh’s Blood,” Montreal Daily Star, 8 March 1923, 22.
38–9	Ibid.
38–9	Officials often faced their share of abuse. When obliged, referee Lou Marsh would escape arenas through rear windows, still laced in his skates. After a 7 March 1923, game Montreal police reinforcements were called in to cordon off a mob baying at Marsh’s door with “blood in their eyes” and chants of “kill him.” Marsh left by taxi under police escort.
39	D. A. L. MacDonald, “Maroons Win from Leafs 4–1 Win to Bring Back Stanley Cup,” Montreal Gazette, 10 April 1935, 14.
39	Marc. T. McNeil, “Maroons Thrill to First Stanley Cup in Nine Years,” Montreal Gazette, 10 April 1935, 14.
39	Eric Whitehead, Cyclone Taylor: A Hockey Legend, 52.
40	“The Shamrocks Won,” Montreal Daily Star, 6 March 1900, 2.
40	“The National Hockey Association, The Swashbuckling Roots of the NHL’s Immediate Predecessor.” hockeycentral.co.uk, cited in Toronto Telegram, 14 March 1907.
40	Scott Young, War On Ice: Canada in International Hockey, 24.
40–1	“Triumph for Trail,” Globe and Mail, 13 March 1961, 6.
41	John Chi–Kit Wong, Coast to Coast: Hockey in Canada to the Second World War, cited in “Chinook Country Hockey: The Emergence of Hockey in Pre–Second World War Southern Alberta,” Robert S. Kossuth, 217.
41	Ibid., 207.
41	Author interview with Bruce MacKinnon, September 2019.
41	Robert Tychkowski, “Edmonton Oilers Players Stunned by News of Humboldt Broncos Bus Tragedy,” Edmonton Sun, 7 April 2018.
41	Dave Bidini, “Hockey and Humboldt: What holds us together, and what keeps us moving,” Globe and Mail, 12 April 2018.
41	Andrew Russell, “Powerful Cartoon Resonates with Canadians Following Humboldt Broncos Tragedy,” Global News, 11 April 2018.
41	“Wanderers Beaten When Victory was in their Grasp,” Montreal Daily Star, 12 February 1905, 2.
41	Charles L. Coleman, The Trail of the Stanley Cup, Vol. 1, 609.
41	Edward Cavell and Dennis Reid, When Winter Was King: The Image of Winter in 19th Century Canada, 23.
41	Emily Waugh, “The language of the land,” Globe and Mail, 2 July 2022, O3.
42	Dave Bidini, “Hockey and Humboldt: What Holds Us Together, And What Keeps Us Moving,” Globe and Mail, 12 April 2018.
42–3	“Our Winter Sports,” Manitoba Morning Free Press, 13 February 1896.
43	Morley Callaghan. “The Game That Makes a Nation,” cited in Riding on the Roar of the Crowd: A Hockey Anthology, edited by David Gowdey, 1989, 50–52.
43	Stephen Leacock, Canada, The Foundations of Its Future, 185–186.
43	Ibid., 205.
44	Roy MacGregor, “The world juniors mean even more this year,” Globe and Mail, 24 December 2021, B13
44	“The Winnipeg Falcons Hockey Club,” winnipegfalcons.com, cited in “The Road to Victory.”
44	Gene Walz, Cartoon Charlie: The Life and Art of Animation Pioneer Charles Thorson, 1998.
46	C. Michael Hiam, Eddie Shore and that Old Time Hockey, 4.
46	Dave Holland, Canada On Ice: The World Hockey Championships 1920–2008, 43.
47	C. Michael Hiam, Eddie Shore and That Old Time Hockey, 73.
47	Stephen Cole, quote by Hugh MacLennan, The Best of Hockey Night in Canada, 2.
47	Lawrence Scanlan, Grace Under Fire, 7.
47	Author interview with Malcolm Mayes, October 2019.
49	Tommy Munns, “Scanning the Sports Field,” “Should Canada Enter Future Olympiads?,” The Globe, 18 February 1936, 6.
49	Bruce Dowbiggin, The Stick, 167.
49	Al Purdy, “Hockey Players,” hockeyinsociety.com,  cited in line “And how do the players feel about it this combination of ballet and murder?”
49	Pierre LeBrun, “History Lesson,” Calgary Sun, 10 September 2004, 1.

Chapter 3

54	George V. Higgins, Cogan’s Trade, 1974.
55	“Professional Hockey Magnates Prodigals with Salaries,” Montreal Daily Star, 4 January 1905.
56	“Sporting Comment,” Ottawa Journal, 16 January 1912, 4.
56–8	Peter Desbarats and Terry Mosher, The Hecklers, 58.
59	Eric Zweig, Art Ross: The Hockey Legend Who Built the Bruins, 93. Cited in New Liskeard Leader, 5 February 1909.
59	“International Hockey Wanted,” Montreal Daily Star, 28 February 1910, 5.
62	J. Andrew Ross, Joining the Clubs: The Business of the National Hockey League to 1945, 138.
63	Ibid., 134.
63–4	Ibid., 138.
64	Author interview with Anthony Jenkins, October 2019.
65	J. Andrew Ross, Joining the Clubs: The Business of the National Hockey League to 1945, 139.
65	Ibid., 91.
65	“Thrills and Spills in the Hockey Rink,” The Literary Digest, 12 January 1929, 56.
66	Andy O’Brien, “Canada Outscored Them 88–3,” Montreal Star (Weekend Magazine Vol. 10 No. 9), 29 February 1960. In 1924, promoter Tex Rickard announced that he wanted to sign every member of the Toronto Granites “to represent New York in the National Hockey League.”
67	While Hamilton hasn’t seen another NHL franchise since the Tigers, there have been one-off games, including when Toronto hosted the Florida Panthers in Hamilton on 23 March 1994 (1-1 tie). The Heritage Classic between Buffalo and Toronto was played outdoors in Hamilton on 13 March 2022. Buffalo won 5-2.
68	Trent Frayne, The Mad Men of Hockey, 63.
69	Charles H. Good, “Will U.S. Cash Cripple Our Hockey?,” Maclean’s, 1 March 1926, 13.
69	J. Andrew Ross, Joining the Clubs: The Business of the National Hockey League to 1945, 139.
69	Charles H. Good, “Will U.S. Cash Cripple Our Hockey?,” Maclean’s, 1 March 1926, 13.
70	“Pooled Receipts in Hockey Urged,” New York Times, 17 January 1937, 77.
70	Trent Frayne, The Mad Men of Hockey, 111.
70	Ibid., 119.
70	Frederic McLaughlin was one American owner who didn’t believe in the notion that “You can’t develop hockeyists where you have to depend on artificial ice.” His 1938 champion Chicago Black Hawks iced a record eight US-born players.
71	Dan Parker, “The Hockey Rebellion,” Sports Illustrated, 28 October 1957.
71	“President Calder is Anxious to See Capital Pro Team,” Ottawa Journal, 18 February 1929, 1, 14.
71	Morey Holzman and Joseph Nieforth, Deceptions and Doublecross: How the NHL Conquered Hockey, 332–333.
73	J. Andrew Ross, Joining the Club: The Business of the National Hockey League to 1945, 236.

Chapter 4

74	Michael McKinley, Hockey Night in Canada: A Legacy in Three Periods, 98.
75	Dan Parker, “The Hockey Rebellion,” Sports Illustrated, 28 October 1957.
75	David Cruise and Alison Griffiths, Net Worth: Exploding the Myths of Pro Hockey, 41.
75	Kelly McParland, The Lives of Conn Smythe: From the Battlefield to Maple Leaf Gardens: A Hockey Icon’s Story, 275.
75	Lou Skuce’s athleticism, dating to his days playing hockey in Winnipeg and rugby football in Ottawa, sharpened his artist’s eye to sketch richly detailed illustrations. Skuce drew Charlie Conacher smiling for a 1929 Gardens program cover, but on the ice Conacher was “a hunter,” said Frank Selke Sr. “His interest lies solely in the kill.” The 1932 O’Keefe coasters by Lou Skuce (page 75) were once advertised as “A cartoon history of the world’s star hockey players on blotters.”
75	David Cruise and Alison Griffiths, Net Worth: Exploding the Myths of Pro Hockey, 137.
76	Ibid., 41.
76	Ibid., 38.
77–8	Kelly McParland, The Lives of Conn Smythe: From the Battlefield to Maple Leaf Gardens: A Hockey Icon’s Story, 88. Cited in Foster Hewitt, Down the Ice: Hockey Contacts and Reflections, 8.
78	“Canadiens’ Selke Tells City: Fight Like Hell for NHL Berth,” Vancouver Sun, 21 February 1966, 1.
78–9	Jay Greenberg, “Expanding Universe, Sixty Moments that Changed the Game,” The Hockey News, 138.
79	David Cruise and Alison Griffiths, Net Worth: Exploding the Myths of Pro Hockey, 140.
79	Michael Traikos, “Long journey into Knights ends as Vegas has a full NHL roster,” Montreal Gazette, 22 June 2017, B3.
80	Russ Conway, Game Misconduct: Alan Eagleson and the Corruption of Hockey, 21.
80	Bobby Orr, Orr My Story, 203.
80	Russ Conway, Game Misconduct: Alan Eagleson and the Corruption of Hockey, 233–236.
80	Ibid., 18.
80	Ibid., 21.
81	Ibid., 18.
81	Ibid., 33.
82	David Cruise and Alison Griffiths, Net Worth: Exploding the Myths of Pro Hockey, 255.
83	Murray Greig, Big Bucks and Blue Pucks, 30.
83	Ibid., 13.
84	Allen Abel, “When Hell Froze Over,” Sports Illustrated, 6 April 1998.
84	Jonathan Gatehouse, The Instigator: How Gary Bettman Remade the League and Changed the Game Forever, 6, 181.
84	Ibid., 76–77.
84	Gil Stein was NHL president for one year (1992–1993) between John Ziegler and Gary Bettman.
84	In cartoonist Peter Kuch’s view, how could hockey be Canada’s game after Canadian NHL teams butt-ended the Winnipeg Jets’ chances of becoming an NHL franchise with their anti-merger strategy in 1978? Kuch like his daily grind: “Name one other job in the world where a fellow can sit down and get so much venom out of his system in a few hours.”
85	Stephen Whyno, “Bettman Proud of Thriving NHL,” Montreal Gazette, 4 October 2014, D1.
85	Author interview with Susan Dewar, October 2019.
86–7	Jonathan Gatehouse, The Instigator: How Gary Bettman Remade the League and Changed the Game Forever, 27.
87	Ibid., 76.
87	Ibid., 30. Cited in “Bettman’s NHL era begins: ‘Everything is under review.’” Bob McKenzie, Toronto Star, 1 February 1993, D1.
87	Ibid., 28.
88	Ibid., 31.
88	Eddie Campbell, The Goat Getters, Jack Johnson, The Fight of the Century, and How a Bunch of Raucous Cartoonists Reinvented Comics, 9.
88	Author interview with Anthony Jenkins, October 2019.
90	Jonathan Gatehouse, The Instigator: How Gary Bettman Remade the League and Changed the Game Forever, 135.
90	Ibid., 139.
91	Mark MacKinnon, “This Proposal is Dead,” Globe and Mail, 22 January 2000, A1.
91	“Bye–bye, hockey; hello, real life,” Globe and Mail, 22 January 2000, A20.
91	Author interview with John Larter, October 2019.
92	Len Norris, Norris 101 Cartoons, 17th Annual Collection, Introduction by Allan Fotheringham, 1968.
92	Portfoolio: 2000 in Canadian Caricature.

Chapter 5

94	Eddie Campbell, The Goat Getters, Jack Johnson, The Fight of the Century, and How a Bunch of Raucous Cartoonists Reinvented Comics, 17.
95	Ibid., 62.
95	Ibid., 42, 67.
95	Ibid., 40.
97	“Portage Lake Victorious,” Pittsburgh Press, 13 March 1904, 21.
97–100	“Wanderers Hold Lead of Six Goals,” Montreal Gazette, 10 January 1908, 2.
101	“Two Players Were Ruled Off,” Montreal Gazette, 24 February 1913, 16.
101	Peter Desbarats and Terry Mosher, The Hecklers, 236.
101	Basil O’Meara, “Ottawa Loses Second Game Maroons Score Four to One, The Boucher Boys Starring,” Ottawa Journal, 20 March 1923, 14.
101–2	“Noted Cartoonist LeMessurier Dead,” Montreal Gazette, 28 October 1932, 13.
102	“Maroons Captured Stanley Cup From Victoria Cougars,” Montreal Gazette, 7 April 1926, 18.
104	Eddie Campbell, The Goat Getters, Jack Johnson, The Fight of the Century, and How a Bunch of Raucous Cartoonists Reinvented Comics, 57.
104	“Montreal Blanked Victoria, 3–0, in Second Cup Game,” Montreal Gazette, 2 April 1926, 16.
105	“Montreal Cracked and Victoria Took Third Battle, 3–2,” Montreal Gazette, 5 April 1926, 16.
105	“Maroons Captured Stanley Cup from Victoria Cougars,” Montreal Gazette, 7 April 1926, 18.
105	Eddie Campbell, The Goat Getters, Jack Johnson, The Fight of the Century, and How a Bunch of Raucous Cartoonists Reinvented Comics, 88.

Chapter 6

106	“Sporting Comment,” Toronto Saturday Night, 16 January 1897, 6.
107	Lawrence Scanlan, Grace Under Fire, 29.
107	Jason Blake and Andrew C. Holman, The Same But Different: Hockey in Quebec, cited in Emmanuel Lapierre, “Le Soirée du Hockey in Montreal: National Stakes in a Cultural War,” 68.
107	Dan Diamond, Total Hockey, second edition, 26.
107	Early images of game aggression. At one 1910 CHA match “Slashing and tripping abounded,” noted reports. Because only one referee showed up to officiate, just 18 penalty minutes were called. “With the play going at such a fast pace, there was too much for one man to catch.” Ottawa beat All-Montreal 15–5. Montreal Star, 14 January 1910
108	Bruce Kidd and John MacFarlane, The Death of Hockey, New Press, 1972, 4.
	Society for International Hockey Research. Kaitlyn N. Carter, “The Best in the Empire’s Cause,” The Hockey Research Journal, Volume 22, December 2021, 48. Cited from J.J. Wilson, “Skating to Armageddon: Canada, Hockey and the First World War,” International Journal of the History of Sport, vol. 22, no. 3, 2005, 323.
108	Susan Doyle, Jaleen Grove, Whitney Sherman, History of Illustration, 285.
108	“A Canadian Carnival,” Wide Awake, February 1883, 44.
108	Arthur Farrell, Hockey: Canada’s Royal Winter Game, 43.
108	Howard Mickoski, “Being a Fan of Hockey in 1900,” cited in Dan Diamond, Total Hockey, second edition, 26.
108	“Sanglante Joute de Hockey a Richmond,” La Presse, 18 February 1907, 1.
108	Stacy L. Lorenz and Geraint B. Osborne, “‘A Manly Nation Requires Manly Games’: Hockey Violence and the 1905 Manslaughter Trial of Allan Loney,” 285. Cited in “Canada’s troubled game suffers yet another blow,” Roy MacGregor, Globe and Mail, 10 May 2004, A1.
108	Ibid.,  287. Cited in “O.H.A. Championship,” Cornwall Freeholder, 24 February 1905, 8.
108–9	Al Purdy, “The Time of Your Life,” cited in Words on Ice: A Collection of Hockey Prose, edited by Michael P. J. Kennedy, 12.
109	Stacy L. Lorenz and Geraint B. Osborne, “‘A Manly Nation Requires Manly Games’: Hockey Violence and the 1905 Manslaughter Trial of Allan Loney,” 287. Cited in “Loney Acquitted” Cornwall Standard, 31 March 1905, 1.
109	Ibid., 288. Cited in “Another Hockey Fatality,” Cornwall Standard, 3 March 1905, 4.
109–10	Ibid., 289. Cited in “Loney Acquitted,” Cornwall Freeholder, 31 March 1905, 6; “Loney Acquitted,” Cornwall Standard, 31 March 1905, 1.
111	“Thrills and Spills at the Hockey Rink,” The Literary Digest, 12 January 1929, 58.
111	Ibid., 290–291. Cited in “The Power of Popular Sentiment,” Cornwall Standard, 7 April 1905, 1.
111 –13	Ibid., 290. Several sources, including Daniel S. Mason and Gregory H. Duquette, “Newspaper Coverage of Early Professional Ice Hockey: the discourses of class and control,” University of Alberta, Media History, 158–159.
113	Ibid., 286.
113–4	Author interview with Anthony Jenkins, October 2019
114	Jason Botchford, “Things just happen,” Vancouver Province, 7 December 2007, A11.
114	In his plea bargain, Bertuzzi pleaded guilty to a reduced assault charge and got a conditional discharge requiring community service. In the civil lawsuit an out-of-court settlement was reached. The terms were confidential.
114	Stacy L. Lorenz and Geraint B. Osborne, “‘A Manly Nation Requires Manly Games’: Hockey Violence and the 1905 Manslaughter Trial of Allan Loney,” 291, 292.
114	Ibid., 292
114	Ibid., 291
114	Ibid., 292. Several sources cited, including Brown, Dave. “The Northern Character Theme and Sport in Nineteenth-Century Canada.” Canadian Journal of History of Sport 20, 1 (1989): 47–56.
116	“Butchery, Not Hockey, at the Arena Saturday Night,” Montreal Daily Star, 14 January 1907, 10.
116	Lawrence Scanlan, Grace Under Fire, 34–35.
116	J. W. Fitsell, Hockey’s Captains, Colonels and Kings, 121.
117	Charles L. Coleman, The Trail of the Stanley Cup, Vol. 1, 132. Cited in the Montreal Daily Star, 13 December 1906.
117	Ibid., 135.
117	“‘They Should Each Get Six Months In Jail,’ Is The Opinion As To Saturday Night Brutalities,” Montreal Daily Star, 14 January 1907, 1.
117	“Butchery, Not Hockey, at the Arena Saturday Night,” Montreal Daily Star, 14 January 1907, 10.
117	Stacy L. Lorenz, Geraint B. Osborne, “‘Talk About Strenuous Hockey’: Violence, Manhood, and the 1907 Ottawa Silver Seven–Montreal Wanderer Rivalry,” Journal of Canadian Studies, Vol. 40, No.1, Winter 2006, 127.
117	“Ottawas Lost to Wanderers,” Ottawa Evening Journal, 14 January 1907, 2.
117	“Both Players were Fined,” Ottawa Citizen, 1 March 1907, 8.
117	“Wanderers and Ottawas In Terrific Match,” Ottawa Citizen, 14 January 1907, 8.
117	“Butchery, Not Hockey, at the Arena Saturday Night,” Montreal Daily Star, 14 January 1907, 10.
117	“A Bombshell Explodes in Eastern Hockey,” Montreal Daily Star, 19 January 1907, 22.
118	“Clean Hockey is the Watchword,” Montreal Daily Star, 23 January 1907.
118	“Butchery, Not Hockey, at the Arena Saturday Night,” Montreal Daily Star, 14 January 1907, 10.
118	“Ottawas Lost to Wanderers,” Ottawa Evening Journal, 14 January 1907, 2.
118	Ibid., 2.
118	“Butchery, Not Hockey, at the Arena Saturday Night,” Montreal Daily Star, 14 January 1907, 10.
118	Daniel S. Mason and Gregory H. Duquette, “Newspaper Coverage of Early Professional Ice Hockey: the discourses of class and control,” Media History, Vol. 10, No. 3, 2004, 165.
118	Ibid., 163–4.
118	“Crowd Mobbed Hod Stuart,” Montreal Gazette, 5 January 1906.
118	“Butchery, Not Hockey, at the Arena Saturday Night,” Montreal Daily Star. 14 January 1907, 10.
118	The Ottawa Citizen and the Montreal Star wrote conflicting reports about whether Hod Stuart went to Glengarry Hospital in Montreal after the game. The Citizen claimed it was Stuart, Ernie Johnson and Cecil Blatchford who were “patched up.” The Star reported that “Stuart refused and went to the Savoy Hotel.” In their version, Johnson, Blatchford and Pud Glass saw doctors at Glengarry.
119	“Charge Against Smith Dismissed,” Montreal Daily Star, 18 February 1907.
119-20	Author interview with Brian Gable, September 2019.
120	“Police use batons freely on the crowd,” Ottawa Evening Journal, 28 February 1907, 1.
120-1	“Wanderers Won,” Montreal Gazette, 4 March 1907, 2.
121	“Montreal Wanderers Again Champions of Eastern Canada Hockey,” Ottawa Citizen, 4 March 1907, 8.
123	“Cartoonist Was World Famous,” Montreal Star, 22 December 1941, 1, 5.
123	Michael Traikos, “Where were the officials?”, Montreal Gazette, 12 March 2022, C7. From quote: “It got to a point where it was almost unplayable out there the last few years.”
123	W.J. Slee, “Hockey, Canada’s Great Winter Sport,” Toronto Sunday World, 21 January 1912, 1.

Chapter 7

124	Chrys Goyens and Allan Turowetz, Lions in Winter, 202.
124	“The Vs Won a Hockey Game but not the Holy Grail,” Maclean’s, 16 April 1955.
125	Pat Curran, “Reay vows revenge on Fergy following scrap with Hull,” Montreal Gazette,  9 December 1968, 37.
127	Mordecai Richler, Dispatches from the Sporting Life, 182.
127	“Hull Fights Ferguson Despite Fractured Jaw,” Globe and Mail, 6 January 1969, 18.
127	Ted Damata, “Hawks’ Hopes High But It Just Wasn’t Their Night,” Toronto Star, 6 January 1969, 11.
128	Alan Hustak, “The Master of the Gentle Barb,” Montreal Gazette, 20 September 2007, A7.
129	Milt Dunnell, “Jungle Law Rules NHL – Bathgate,” Toronto Daily Star, 9 December 1959, 1.
129	“Andy Should Stick to Golf – Lynn,” Toronto Daily Star, 9 December 1959, 17.
129	Scott Young, “A Close Look,” Globe and Mail, 10 December 1959, 26.
129	Peter Desbarats and Terry Mosher, The Hecklers, 233.
130	Jim Proudfoot, “Interference at Fault — Red,” Toronto Daily Star, 10 December 1959, 37.
130	Milt Dunnell, “Hockey is Picnic Today — Adams,” Toronto Daily Star, 10 December 1937.
130	“Andy’s Literary Assault on Rivals Costs Him $500,” Toronto Daily Star, 22 December 1959, 14.
131	Tim Burke, “Start the Cleanup of Hockey Right at the Grassroots Level,” Montreal Gazette, 31 October 1975, 17.
132	Dave Schultz with Stan Fischler, The Hammer: Confessions of a Hockey Enforcer, 34.
132	Ibid., leaf flap.
132	Ibid., 80.
132	Don Weekes, The Biggest Book of Hockey Trivia, 298.
132	Dave Schultz with Stan Fischler, The Hammer: Confessions of a Hockey Enforcer, 94.
132	Bob Probert with Kirstie McLellan Day, Tough Guy: My Life on the Edge, 25.
133	The Soviet Union vs the NHL: 13 Years of Hockey History, 1985.
134	Tim Burke, “Flyers Salvage Canada’s Pride,” Montreal Gazette, 12 January 1976, 1.
134	Tim Burke, “Flyers Paint Hockey Masterpiece, Destroy Myth of Soviet Superiority,” Montreal Gazette, 12 January 1976, 15.
134	Tim Burke, “Flyers Salvage Canada’s Pride,” Montreal Gazette, 12 January 1976, 1.
134	Lawrence Scanlan, Grace Under Fire, 50.
134	The Soviet Union vs the NHL: 13 Years of Hockey History, 1985.
134	Roy MacSkimming, Cold War: The Amazing Canada–Soviet Hockey Series of 1972, 160.
135	Dick Irvin, The Habs: An Oral History of the Montreal Canadiens, 1940–1980, 289.
135	Chrys Goyens and Allan Turowetz, Lions in Winter, 198.
137	Jennifer Frey, “Undercard to Probert, Main Event to Rangers,” New York Times, 3 December 1992, B21.
137	Bob Probert with Kirstie McLellan Day, Tough Guy: My life on the Edge, 146.
137	Tie Domi, Shift Work, 65.
137	Author interview with Mark Penxa, July 2022.
137	Everett Soop: Journalist, Cartoonist, Activist, Galt Museum & Archives, galtmuseum.com.
138	Everett Soop Journalist, Cartoonist, Activist, Exhibition catalogue, 33.
138	Noni Brynjoson, “Aboriginal Cartoonist Drew Humour,” The Uniter, 18 March 2009.
139	Ryan Kennedy “It’s Not Hockey Without Fights,” The Hockey News, 8 December 2014, 48.
139	Author interview with Ryan Kennedy, The Hockey News, 7 January 2021.
139	Cathal Kelly, “The Conversation Around Hockey Fights Has, Thankfully, Shifted,” Globe and Mail, 27 March 2021, B10.
140	Mark Medley, “The all–star,” Globe and Mail, 22 April 2017, R13.
140	Bruce McCall, Thin Ice: Coming of Age in Canada, 137.
141	Trent Frayne, The Mad Men of Hockey, 146.
141	“Canadiens Hockey Champions, Taking Hard–Fought Game,” Montreal Gazette, 26 March 1924, 16.

Chapter 8

145	Michael McKinley, Hockey: A People’s History, 130.
146	H.H. Roxborough, “It this a time for pro sport?,” Maclean’s, 1 January 1942.
146	Ernest Hemingway, “Notes on the Next War,” Esquire, 1 September 1935, 19. Cited in: https://classic.esquire.com/article/1935/09/01/notes-on-the-next-war
148	Richard Gruneau and David Whitson, Hockey Night in Canada, 193.
148	“Good Athletes Best Soldiers, Colonel Says,” Montreal Daily Star, 31 March 1915.
148	In some circles, it was an accepted fact that hockey better prepared men for military service. One source cited the chances of a hockey player being awarded one of Canada’s four major medals at one in nine compared to the average soldier being decorated at one in 38.
	Kaitlyn N. Carter, “The Best in the Empire’s Cause,” The Hockey Research Journal, Volume 22, December 2021, 48. Cited from J.J. Wilson, “Skating to Armageddon: Canada, Hockey and the First World War,” International Journal of the History of Sport, vol. 22, no. 3, 2005, 323.
148	Jimmy Brady, “Armed With Hockey Sticks, Canadian Troops Would Wallop Teutons, Avers an Old Player,” Wichita Beacon, 15 February 1915.
149	Jimmy Brady, “Armed With Hockey Sticks, Canadian Troops Would Wallop Teutons, Avers an Old Player,” Wichita Beacon, 8 February 1915, 7. Cited in Ottawa Journal, 12 December 1914, 7.
149	John Davies, The Legend of Hobey Baker, Introduction by Arthur Mizener, xiii.
150	Robin Anderson, “Making Fun of Sport: James Fitzmaurice, Robert Ripley, and the Art of Sport Cartooning in Vancouver, 1907–1918,” Journal of Sport History, Fall 2010, Vol. 37, No. 3, 388.
152	J.L. Granatstein and Desmond Morton, A Nation Forged in Fire: Canadians and the Second World War 1939–1945, 7
152	William Marchington,“Canada Lacks War Outfit Admitted,” Globe and Mail, 8 February 1936, 1.
152	Cartoonist Les Callan enlisted during the Second World War. He was soon drawing Monty and Johnny for the army’s magazine The Maple Leaf. While saluting a Colonel, the officer said: “Never mind that Callan give me your hand. You did more for the morale of our outfit than anything I could think of and I want to thank you.” The Maple Leaf Forever, 1987: 21
153	J.L. Granatstein and Desmond Morton, A Nation Forged in Fire: Canadians and the Second World War 1939–1945, 1.
153	T. E. Nichols, These Were the ’Thirties: Cartoons by the Late Ivan Glassco, 4.
153	“Hamilton Airman Killed While Removing Holster,” Globe and Mail, 27 June 1941, 4.
153	Peter Desbarats and Terry Mosher, The Hecklers, 232.
153	Kevin Plummer, “Historicist: At the Front with ‘Monty and Johnny,’” torontoist.com.
153	Barry D. Rowland, The Maple Leaf Forever: The Story of Canada’s Foremost Armed Forces Newspaper, ix.
154	Michael Hirsh, Patrick Loubert and Clive Smith, The Great Canadian Comic Books, 24.
157	Stan Fischler, “Worst Loss in NHL History,” The Hockey News, 9 November 2015, 55.
157	Conn Smythe with Scott Young, Conn Smythe If You Can’t Beat ’Em in the Alley, 140.
159	Kelly McParland, The Lives of Conn Smythe: From the Battlefield to Maple Leaf Gardens: A Hockey Icon’s Story, 205.
159	Jack Boothe, Heeling Hitler, Introduction.
159	Jack Boothe, Accent on Axis, Introduction.
159	Morley Callaghan, “The Game That Makes a Nation,” from Riding on the Roar of the  Crowd: A Hockey Anthology, edited by David Gowdey, 50–52.

Chapter 9

160	J. W. Bengough, A Caricature History of Canadian Politics, edition 1886.
163	Duncan Macpherson, Duncan Macpherson 1970 Editorial Cartoons, Introduction  by Jock Carroll, “Duncan Macpherson A Penetrating Analysis of the Artist and His Work.”
163	Ian McLaren, The Hecklers: Two Centuries of Canadian Political Cartooning, National Film Board.
165	Duncan Macpherson, Duncan Macpherson 1970 Editorial Cartoons, Introduction  by Jock Carroll, “Duncan Macpherson A Penetrating Analysis of the Artist and His Work.”
165	Peter Goddard, “Duncan Macpherson’s Other Side,” Toronto Star, 24 May 2008, E12.
166	Hyman Solomon, “Pearson Urges: ‘Explore French–English Links,’” Toronto Daily Star, 18 December 1962, 1–2.
166	Joseph Schull, The Great Scot: A Biography of Donald Gordon, 219.
166	Hyman Solomon, “Pearson Urges: ‘Explore French–English Links,’” Toronto Daily Star, 18 December 1962, 1–2.
168	Brian Gable, “Illustrative Lessons of a Cartoonist’s Career,” Globe and Mail, 8 April 2017,  R8.
169	Victor S. Navasky, The Art of Controversy: Political Cartoons and their Enduring Power, 158.
170	Peter Desbarats and Terry Mosher, The Hecklers, 148.
171	Brian Gable, “Illustrative Lessons of a Cartoonist’s Career,” Globe and Mail, 8 April 2017, R8.
171	Peter Desbarats and Terry Mosher, The Hecklers, 124.
171	Brad Wheeler, “Comedian Made Canada Laugh at Itself,” Globe and Mail, 12 November 2016, S12.
171	Barry Hertz, “Costume Designer Denise Cronenberg was Instrumental to Success of Canada’s Most Unshakeable Cinema,” Globe and Mail, 10 June 2020. Interview quote by Eric (E.C.) Woodley, son of Denise Cronenberg: “Because she started in the late 50s and worked through the 60s, she was in on the beginning of a certain sort of cultural nationalism and pride.”
172	Peter Mosher, “Davis Promises to Fight Price Increases of Oil and Gas at Federal–Provincial Talks,” Globe and Mail, 7 April 1975, 1.
172	Len Norris, Norris 25th Anniversary Collection, 101 Cartoons, cited in Introduction Why “101?,” Stuart Keate, 1976.
172	Roy Peterson, Drawn and Quartered: The Trudeau Years, Introduction by Peter C. Newman, 81.
173	Ibid., 12.
173	Peter Desbarats and Terry Mosher, The Hecklers, 129.
173	Len Norris, Norris: The Canadian Museum of Caricature, xii, xiii.
174	Len Norris, The Best of Norris 1955, Introduction.
174	Ibid., Introduction.
174	Peter Desbarats and Terry Mosher, The Hecklers, 125.
174	Author interview with Vance Rodewalt, October 2019.
175	Author interview with Bruce MacKinnon, October 2019.
179	Author interview with Bruce MacKinnon, October 2019.

Chapter 10

180	Benoît Melançon, The Rocket: A Cultural History of Maurice Richard, 200.
180	Author interview with Sean Thompson, August 2022.
181	Herbert Warren Wind, “The Rocket’s Flair,” The Canadiens Century, Sports Illustrated, 28–29.
181	Trent Frayne, It’s Easy: All You Have To Do Is Win, 57.
181	Benoît Melançon, The Rocket: A Cultural History of Maurice Richard, 81.
182	Herbert Warren Wind, “The Rocket’s Flair,” The Canadiens Century, Sports Illustrated, 29.
183	Yvan Lamonde, “Un coin dans la mémoire,” 2017. Also cited in Robert Everett Green, “A history not remembered,” Globe and Mail, 27 January 2018.
183	Maurice Richard, “J’ai souvent vu rouge,” La Presse, 15 March 1995, Sports, 9. “J’etais violent, oui. Mais je n’etais pas méchant.”
183	Hugh MacLennan, “The Rocket: A Hero For Quebec,” Saturday Night, 15 January 1955.
184	Benoît Melançon, The Rocket: A Cultural History of Maurice Richard, 29. Cited in Hockey Digest, Chris O’Donnell.
184	Mordecai Richler, Dispatches from the Sporting Life, 171.
184	Roch Carrier, Our Life With The Rocket: The Maurice Richard Story, 31.
184	Ibid., 71.
184	Maurice Richard was so beloved, fans typically and famously raised sufficient money to pay his fines.
188	Terry Vaios Gitersos, “‘Ça devient une question d’être maîtres chez nous’: The Canadiens, Nordiques, and the Politics of Québécois Nationalism, 1979–1984,” University of Western Ontario, 2011, 54. Also cited in: David Whitson and Richard Gruneau, Artificial Ice: Hockey, Culture, and Commerce. Cited in Jean Harvey, “Whose Sweater is This?: The Changing Meanings of Hockey in Québec,” 39.
188	Mordecai Richler, Dispatches from the Sporting Life, 97.
189	Jason Blake and Andrew C. Holman, The Same But Different: Hockey in Quebec, cited in Emmanuel Lapierre, “Le Soirée du Hockey in Montreal: National Stakes in a Cultural War,” 68. From : “Comme si l’avenir de la nation était en jeu”; Black. “Evolution de l’image projectée par le Club de Hockey Canadien depuis ses origines jusqu’au mythe de la tradition glorieuse,” 37, 83.
189	Terry Vaios Gitersos, “‘Ça devient une question d’être maîtres chez nous’: The Canadiens, Nordiques, and the Politics of Québécois Nationalism, 1979–1984,” University of Western Ontario, 2011, 54. Cited in “Réal Cloutier de nouveau blessé,” Dimanche–Matin, 7 October 1979, 56.
190	James Creighton’s game rules were almost a word-for-word copy of the English field hockey rules.
191	“The Carnival, To–Day’s Programme,” Montreal Gazette, 26 January 1883, 5.
191	J.W. Fitsell, Hockey’s Captains, Colonels and Kings, 41. Cited in the Montreal Star, 1885.
191	W. George Beers, “Carnival Winter Characteristics,” Montreal Daily Star, Carnival No. 1885, February 1885, 9.
191	Only the first Montreal carnival of 1883 hosted two of its four games on the St. Lawrence River.
193	Adam Gopnik, Winter: Five Windows of the Season, 162.
193	Jason Blake and Andrew C. Holman, The Same But Different: Hockey in Quebec, cited in Michel Vigneault, “Montreal’s Francophone Hockey Beginnings, 1895–1910,” 44.
194	“French–Canadian Hockey Team May Enter E.C.H.A.,” Montreal Daily Star, 11 March 1909.
194	“Une Joute de Hockey Tres Brillante,” La Patrie, 2. Quote translated from: “l’équipe canadienne–française inspira beaucoup de respect aux Wanderers.”
194	Adam Gopnik, Winter  Five Windows on the Season, 160.
195	Arthur Racey, Canadian Men of Affairs in Cartoon, cited in Foreword by S. Morgan-Powell, 1922.
196	“Canadiens Gave Wanderers a Thorough Beating – Scenes of Carnage Marked End of Match,” Montreal Daily Star, 8 February 1911, 6.
196	Tancrede Marsil, “Chronicle Sportive,” Le Devoir, 21 March 1909, 3. Quote translated from: “Le Canadien, sur la glace, n’a pas représenté les couleurs des Canadiens–Français, mais les intéréts financiers de M. O’Brien.”
196	“L’engagement de Rocket Power,” Le Devoir, 14 February 1911, 5. Quote translated from: “une grave insulte,” “une bourde,” “déshonneur.”
196	D’Arcy Jenish, The Montreal Canadiens: 100 Years of Glory, 37.
197	Chrys Goyens and Allan Turowetz, Lions in Winter, 38.
197	D’Arcy Jenish, The Montreal Canadiens: 100 Years of Glory, 67
197	Chrys Goyens and Allan Turowetz, Lions in Winter, 33.
197	Ibid., 34.
197	Chrystian Goyens, with Allan Turowetz and Jean–Luc Duguay, The Montreal Forum, 34.
197	Wilfrid Victor “Bill” Roche, The Hockey Book, 184.
197–8	E. W. Ferguson, “Tigers Showed Their Real Speed And Only A Super-Team Beat Them,” Montreal Herald, 26 March 1924, 6.
198	“Canadiens Hockey Champions, Taking Hard–Fought Game,” Montreal Gazette, 26 March 1924, 16.
198	E.W. Ferguson, “Series Proves Vezina Greatest Goaler, But — Baseball’s His Ambition,” Montreal Herald, 27 March 1924, 6.
199	“Last Night’s Dinner was a Magnificent Tribute of Friendship and Admiration for Great Work Done by World’s Championship Hockeyists,” Montreal Daily Star, 2 April 1924, 6.

Chapter 11

200	Stu Cowan, “Kovalchuk, Tatar Not Easy To Replace,” Montreal Gazette, 28 January 2020, B4.
202	Frederick Edwards, “Record Crown Cheers Maroons To Victory,” Montreal Herald, 4 April 1928, 6.
202	“What the Railbirds Saw and Heard,” Montreal Star, 4 April 1928, 36.
202	Trent Frayne, The Mad Men of Hockey, 127.
202	Ibid., 82.
203	Mordecai Richler, Dispatches from the Sporting Life, 260.
203	Stu Cowan, “Price Shouldn’t Have To Always Be Mr. Cool,” Montreal Gazette, 11 November 2021,  NP12
203	Roy MacGregor, “Habs Hysteria,” Globe and Mail, 2 December 2017, S1.
203	Paul Henderson with Jim Prime, How Hockey Explains Canada, 73.
203	“Series was liable to go either way says Eddie Gerard,” Montreal Daily Star, 4 April 1928, 36.
204	Paul Stewart, “The ‘Montreal Factor’ and Refereeing,” hockeybuzz, 25 October 2013.
204	Charles L. Coleman, The Trail of the Stanley Cup, Vol. 1, 206.
205	Cam Cole, “Asking What Ought To Be Asked,” Vancouver Sun, 24 April 2014, D9.
205	Andy O’Brien and Jacques Plante, The Jacques Plante Story, 37. Also cited in Jacques Plante: The Man who Changed the Face of Hockey, Todd Denault, 35.
205	John Edgecumbe Staley, “The Cartoonmen of Canada,” Maclean’s, 1 March 1914, 43.
206	Henri Julien, Henri Julien Album, 1916, a chapter by Brenton A. MacNab, 11.
206	Charles Press, The Political Cartoon, 358.
207	Author interview with Dominic Hardy, December 2017.
207	Jason Blake and Andrew C. Holman, The Same But Different Hockey in Quebec, cited in Frazer Andrews, “Two Hundred Years for Fighting: ‘A History of Resistance’ in Two Bilingual Hockey Plays,” 174.
208	At the time, it was generally accepted that Eric Lindros did not want to play in a French-only town. It has been clearly established that Lindros wouldn’t join the Nordiques because of an “incident” that happened between Marcel Aubut and Lindros’ mother after which she made it clear that the family would never deal with him again.
209	Victor S. Navasky, The Art of Controversy: Political Cartoons and their Enduring Power, 34.
209	Author interview with Serge Chapleau, October 2019.
209–11	Sara Curtis, “The Truth Hurts,” Applied Arts Magazine, July–August 2001, Vol. 16, No.   4, 138.
211	Jeff Z. Klein and Karl-Eric Reif, The Death Of Hockey, 4.
211	Dick Irvin, The Habs: An Oral History of the Montreal Canadiens, 1940–1980, 281, 282.
212	Red Fisher, Red Fisher: Hockey, Heroes, and Me, 74.
212	The Hockey Book, Introduction by Michael Farber, Mark Kram, “Worrying Is The Way to Win,” Sports Illustrated, 219.
212	Dick Irvin, The Habs: An Oral History of the Montreal Canadiens, 1940–1980, 133.
212	Sara Curtis, “The Truth Hurts,” Applied Arts Magazine, July–August 2001, Vol. 16, No. 4, 138.
213	The Hockey Book, Introduction by Michael Farber, cited in Mark Kram, “Worrying is the Way to Win,” Sports Illustrated, 219.
215	Mordecai Richler, Dispatches from the Sporting Life, 242.
216	Neil Longley, “The Underrepresentation of French Canadian Players On English Canadian NHL Team: Evidence from 1943 to 1998,” Journal of Sports Economics, March 2001, 236–256.
216	Bob Sirois, Discrimination in the NHL: Quebec Hockey Players Sidelined, 27.
216	The first and only time to date that the Montreal Canadiens played a game without a single Québecois in the lineup was on May 9, 2021.
216	Jason Blake and Andrew C. Holman, The Same But Different: Hockey in Quebec, from Terry Vaios Gitersos, “Labour, Francophonization and National Identity in Hockey’s Battle for Quebec, 1980–1983, 114. Cited in “Le Canadien a Oublié le Québec,” Réjean Tremblay, La Presse, 3 October 1980,  B2.
216	Ibid., 115. Cited in “Le Grande Serge amène avec lui un gros morceau de l’âme du Canadien,” Réjean Tremblay, La Presse, 12 December 1981, H5. “D’ici deux ou trois ans, Le Canadien sera moins qu’une équipe comme les autres.”
216	Ibid., 121. Cited in Marcel Gaudette, “Ronald Corey: son choix d’est Molson (air connu),” Le Soleil, 13 November 1982, F2.
218	“Good Friday Massacre An Oral History of One of the Greatest Games in NHL History: Quebec Nordiques vs. Montreal Canadiens, April 20, 1984 Div. Final, Game 6,” as told to Dave Zarum, Sportsnet.ca.
219–20	Jason Blake and Andrew C. Holman, The Same But Different: Hockey in Quebec, 121. Cited in “Piraterie’ entre Montreal et Québec,” Claude Larochelle, Le Soleil, 13 November 1982, F1. “Le francophone que le Canadien se devait d’aller chercher.”

Chapter 12

222	Quote from The Natural, Delphi II Productions, Tri-Star Pictures, 1984, screenplay by Roger Towne and Phil Dusenberry. Based on The Natural by Bernard Malamud.
222	The “missing” items after Sidney Crosby’s 2010 Olympic gold-medal winner: An errant glove of Crosby’s and his RBK 7K Gold composite stick were lost. So too was USA goalie Ryan Miller’s net, until the Hockey Hall of Fame prevented it from being auctioned off by a memorabilia dealer. Linesman Stefan Fonselius retrieved the puck from Miller’s net and forgot he had it until his cross-Atlantic trip to Finland. “Nobody remembered it, not even me,” Fonselius said.
223	“The Thousands Who Waited to the Very Finish,” Montreal Daily Star, 18 March 1902, 2.
223	“Watching the Star Bulletin Service During the Evening,” Montreal Daily Star, 14 March 1902, 2.
223	“The Bulletin Story,” Montreal Daily Star, 18 March 1902, 2.
223–4	Stacy Lyle Lorenz, “Manhood, Rivalry, and the Creation of a Canadian ‘Hockey World’: Media Coverage of Early Stanley Cup Hockey Challenges, 1894–1907,” University of Alberta, Fall 2012, Abstract.
224	Douglas Fetherling, The Rise of the Canadian Newspaper, 96.
224	Ibid., 58.
225	“Ottawa Playing Championship Hockey,” Ottawa Free Press, 13 January 1908, 10. Also cited in: Eric Whitehead, Cyclone Taylor A Hockey Legend, 56-58.
225	“Lou Skuce — Official Cartoonist,” Maple Leaf Gardens Official Programme, 1932, 52. Also cited in: Maple Leaf “Canada’s Greatest Cartoonist Lou Skuce’s Charmed and Versatile Career,” Conan Tobias, Taddle Creek magazine, Summer 2016.
226	Maple Leafs Gardens Prospectus Booklet, 1931.
229	Kelly McParland, The Lives of Conn Smythe: From the Battlefield to Maple Leaf Gardens: A Hockey Icon’s Story, 134.
231	“Presentation of Decorations for Bravery, Governor General of Canada,” gg.ca, 2015. “The mighty ‘man of steel’ hides his extraordinary strength, speed, and superhuman powers under the bland, self–effacing guise of the weak and clumsy Clark Kent. He is a hero who does not take any credit for his own heroism, a glamorous figure in cape and tights who is content to live his daily life in horn–rimmed glasses and brown suits.”
231	Conan Tobias, “Canada’s Greatest Cartoonist Lou Skuce’s Charmed and Versatile Career,” Taddle Creek magazine, Summer 2016.
232	Douglas Hunter, Open Ice: The Tim Horton Story, 56.
233-4	Michael McKinley, Hockey: A People’s History, 145.
235	David Cruise and Alison Griffiths, Net Worth: Exploding the Myths of Pro Hockey, 111.
235	Ibid., 89.
239	Charles Campbell, “How CBC Lost Its Hockey Theme,” TheTyee.ca, 13 June 2008.
239	Joe Reedy, “NHL Sighs Broadcast Deal with Turner Sports, Ends Run on NBC,” Globe and Mail, 28 April 2021.
240	Dave Feschuk, “Strombo Out, MacLean In as Hockey Night Host,” Toronto Star, 20 June 2016, A7.
240	Ibid.

Chapter 13

242	“Wellingtons Home Today,” The Globe, 28 January 1902, 10.
243	W. A. H. Kerr, “Hockey in Ontario,” Dominion Illustrated Monthly, March 1893, 100–101.
243	“Hockey The Vice Regal Team will Play Two Games Here,” Toronto Daily Mail, 7 February 1890, 3. Preceding the two-game series between the visiting Ottawa Rideau Rebels against the Toronto Granites and the Toronto St. Georges, the Toronto Daily Mail described the game of hockey as “somewhat like lacrosse, but far quicker, and the excitement is at fever heat all the time.”
243	“Hockey The Granites Defeated,” Toronto Daily Mail, 10 February 1890.
243	“The Visitors Beaten by the St. Georges,” Toronto Daily Mail, 10 February 1890.
244	The Umpire, “Sporting Comment,” Toronto Saturday Night, 16 January 1897, 6.
244	“Hockey Clubs in Toronto,” Toronto Daily Mail and Empire, 22 January 1896.
244	“Hockey Protest Entered To–Day,” Toronto Daily Star, 18 January 1901, 8.
245	Stephen J. Harper, A Great Game: The Forgotten Leafs & The Rise of Professional Hockey, 16–17.
245	Ibid., 70.
245	“Is There Professionalism in Ontario Hockey Association?” Toronto Daily News, 17 November 1905.
246	Ibid.
247	Conan Tobias, “Canada’s Greatest Cartoonist Lou Skuce’s Charmed and Versatile Career,” Taddle Creek magazine, Summer 2016.
247	John Edgecumbe Staley, “The Cartoonmen of Canada,” Maclean’s, 1 March 1914, 46.
247	Conan Tobias, “Canada’s Greatest Cartoonist Lou Skuce’s Charmed and Versatile Career,” Taddle Creek magazine, Summer 2016.
247	“Saints Defeated in Rousing Game,” Toronto World, 3 February 1915.
248	Conan Tobias, “Canada’s Greatest Cartoonist Lou Skuce’s Charmed and Versatile Career,” Taddle Creek magazine, Summer 2016.
249	Kelly McParland, The Lives of Conn Smythe: From the Battlefield to Maple Leaf Gardens: A Hockey Icon’s Story, 55.
250	John Clare, “Conn Smythe’s Wondrous Pleasure Dome,” Maclean’s, 1 March 1958, 22.
250	Conn Smythe with Scott Young, Conn Smythe: If You Can’t Beat ’Em in the Alley, 102
250	Ted Reeve, “Sporting Extras,” Toronto Evening Telegram, 13 November 1931, 27.
250	“Thousands Throng Gardens as Leafs Open New House,” Toronto Evening Telegram, 13 November 1931, 26.
250	John Davies, The Legend of Hobey Baker, Introduction by Arthur Mizener, xiii.
251	Blair Fraser, “When Will the Floundering Maple Leafs Lower the Boom?” Maclean’s, 13 April 1957, 3.
253	Author interview with Sean Thompson, August 2022.
253	Jack Reppen, “Biography,” askart.com.
253	Kevin Plummer, “Historicist: Mixed Media Jack Reppen pulls double duty as a cartoonist and a ‘serious’ artist,” Torontoist, 9 August 2014.
256	Robin Anderson, “Making Fun of Sport: James Fitzmaurice, Robert Ripley, and the Art of Sport Cartooning in Vancouver, 1907–1918,” University of the Fraser Valley, Fall 2010, 377.
256	Ibid., 374–375.
256	Ibid., 381.
256	Ibid., 377.
256	Kevin Plummer, “Historicist: Mixed Media Jack Reppen pulls double duty as a cartoonist and a ‘serious’ artist,” Torontoist, 9 August 2014.
256–7	Arnold Rockman, “Pay Tribute to Talent of Jack Reppen,” Toronto Daily Star, 6 June 1964, 19.

Chapter 14

258	Cathal Kelly, “The Maple Leafs have figured out the real secret of the rebuilding process: Be boring,” Globe and Mail, 1 February 2016, S1–S2.
258	Michael Traikos, “Matthews, McDavid or Makar – who will be this year’s MVP?,” Toronto Sun, 10 October 2022.
259	Jim Vipond, “Hero’s Welcome for Maple Leafs,” Globe and Mail, 16 April 1948, 17.
259	Andrew Podnieks, A Canadian Saturday Night Hockey and the Culture of a Country, 2.
260	Eric Zweig, The Toronto Maple Leafs: The Complete Oral History, 439.
260	Author interview with Malcolm Mayes, October 2019
260	Cathal Kelly, “Normalcy erupts as Maple Leafs and hockey reporters drop the gloves again,” Globe and Mail, 27 April 2018.
261	Michael Traikos, “Kadri comes full circle, proving haters wrong,” Montreal Gazette, 28 June 2022, NP10.
261	Author interview with Anthony Jenkins, October 2018
261	Frank Orr, “Spat on and abused Fred Shero is hot at Gardens’ fans,” Toronto Star, 17 April 1976, D2.
263	“Flyers ‘butchers’ Leaf boss claims.” Toronto Star, 17 April 1976, A2.
263	“It’s a disgrace angry fans say,” Toronto Star, 17 April 1976, A2.
263	Frank Orr, “Spat on and abused Fred Shero is hot at Gardens’ fans,” Toronto Star, 17 April 1976, D2.
263	Author interview with Fred Sebastian, March 2023.
263	“McMurtry calls Philly D.A. ‘a damn fool’ on hockey,” Toronto Star, 21 April 1976, A1.
263	Jim Proudfoot, “It’s too violent says Bob Hope about hockey,” Toronto Star, 20 April 1976, C2.
264	Frank Orr, “Flyers will be tougher at the Spectrum,” Toronto Star, 19 April 1976, B1.
264	Frank Orr, “Leafs blew it in ‘one lousy minute’,” Toronto Star, 21 April 1976, C1.
265	Frank Orr, “Shero calls Leaf fans ‘vicious, mean, foul–mouthed’,” Toronto Star, 23 April 1976, A1.
265	Milt Dunnell, “Skills to remember but night to forget,” Toronto Star, 23 April 196, C1.
265	Author interview with Anthony Jenkins, October 2019.
266	Jo Carson, “Kellys reaching peaks with pyramid power,” Globe and Mail, 24 April 1976, C1.
266	Don Ramsay, “Leafs could create biggest upset of NHL season Sunday,” Globe and Mail, 24 April 1976, 48.
268	Gregory Strong, “NHL has had some colourful owners,” Montreal Gazette, 18 May 2017, B1.
268	William Houston, Ballard: A Portrait of Canada’s Most Controversial Sports Figure, 125.
268	Ibid., 177
269	Rick Fraser, “Worst–ever Leafs lose No. 46,” Toronto Star, 17 March 1985, E1.
270	Kevin McGran, “The Nick of Time,” Toronto Star, 27 May 2018, S1.
270	Al Strachan, Why the Leafs Suck and How They Can Be Fixed, 67.
271	Eric Zweig, The Toronto Maple Leafs: The Complete Oral History, 425
271	Ibid., 432.
272	Ken Campbell, “True Blue,” The Hockey News, Future Watch 2018, 2 April 2018, 22.
272	“Near-empty house,” Toronto Star, 17 October 1985, E1.
273	Author interview with Anthony Jenkins, October 2019.
276	Ken Campbell, “Get This Party Started,” The Hockey News, 22 June 2015, 22.
276	Cathal Kelly, “The John Gibbons era is over in Toronto — and it’s not entirely clear why,” Globe and Mail, 26 September 2018.
277	Marty Klinkenberg, “Everyone involved with Leafs knows that making the playoffs isn’t enough,” Globe and Mail, 22 September 2022, B14.
277	Kristen Shilton, “Shanahan: ‘Killer instinct’ missing in Habs Series; Leafs want to keep core,” tsn.ca, 2 June 2021.
277	Don DeLillio, Pafko at the Wall: A Novella, 2001. Originally published in Harper’s Magazine, October 1992.

Chapter 15

278	Edward Cavell, Sometime A Great Nation: A Photo Album of Canada 1850–1925, 19.
279	Dick Wimmer, The Fastest Game: An Anthology of Hockey Writings, 91. Cited in Earl McCrae, “Lament for a Wounded Hero.”
279	Chris McDonell, Shoot From The Lip, 118.
279	“The Bulletin Story,” Montreal Daily Star, 14 March 1902, 2.
280	Dan Diamond, The Spirit Of The Game: Exceptional photographs from the Hockey Hall of Fame, 2.
280	Edward Cavell and Dennis Reid, When Winter Was King: The Image of Winter in 19th Century Canada, 59.
280	Ibid., 65.
281	Ibid., 59.
282	“The Backward Hockey Season Has Been a Dead Loss to Rinks,” Toronto News, 30  December 1905, 3.
282	“The Bulletin Story,” Montreal Daily Star, 14 March 1902, 2.
282	Author correspondence with Jaleen Grove, September 2018.
282	Author correspondence with Lloyd Davis, June 2017.
289	Al Nickleson, “Defeat Not Easy For Great Habs,” Globe and Mail, 23 April 1951, 20.
289	Red Burnett, “One Last Tip to the New Champs — Save Your Press Chippings,” Toronto Star, 23 April 1951, 14.

Chapter 16

290	Don Weekes, Jaw Dropping Hockey Trivia, 98.
291	Jim Kearney, “Russians Ready Now to Play NHL’s Best,” Vancouver Sun, 19 February 1968, 20.
291	Author correspondence with Patrick Houda and Aleksandr Arjannikov, January 2020.
293	“Russians are ‘learning’ at Teachers’ Expense,” Toronto Daily Star, 23 January 1969, 14.
293	Scott Young, War On Ice: Canada in International Hockey, 16.
293	M. J. Rodden, “On the Highways of Sport,” The Globe, 11 February 1930, 10.
293	Andy O’Brien, “Canada Outscored Them, 88–3,” Montreal Star (Weekend Magazine, Vol. 10 No. 9), 29 February 1960.
293–4	Ibid.
295	W.G. Hardy, “Fiasco on Ice,” Maclean’s, 1 February 1948, 10.
296	“Lyndhursts Outskated, Outchecked,” Globe and Mail, 8 March 1954, 1.
296	“Life Will Go On,” Globe and Mail, 9 March 1954, 6.
296–7	Rex MacLeod, “Send Leafs There to Keep Flag Flying: Smythe,” Globe and Mail, 9 March 1954, 17.
297	Scott Young, War On Ice Canada in International Hockey, 33.
297	Rex MacLeod, “Send Leafs There to Keep Flag Flying: Smythe,” Globe and Mail, 9 March 1954, 17.
297	Scott Young, War On Ice: Canada in International Hockey, 33.
297	Arch MacKenzie, “Strong Feeling Among Fans, Vs Canada Should Quit Ice Tourney,” Montreal Gazette, 8 March 1955, 18.
297	Scott Young, War On Ice: Canada in International Hockey, 25.
297	Milt Dunnell, “From Penticton to the Pack–up,” Toronto Daily Star, 5 January 1970, 8.
297	Erwin Swangard, “Crusher Up To Old Tricks,” Vancouver Sun, 28 February 1955, 16.
297	Ibid.
297– 8	Milt Dunnell, “From Penticton to the Pack–up,” Toronto Daily Star, 5 January 1970, 8.
298	Erwin Swangard, “Fans Hoot V’s Tactics,” Vancouver Sun, 1 March 1955, 16.
298	Jim Proudfoot, “Canada Should Kick Over The Traces,” Toronto Daily Star, 16 March 1963, 29.
299	“Swedish papers support Canadians,” Montreal Gazette, 6 January 1970, 21.
299	Jim Proudfoot, “Canada Should Kick Over The Traces,” Toronto Daily Star, 16 March 1963, 29.
299–300	“The Vs Won a Hockey Game but not the Holy Grail,” Maclean’s, 16 April 1955, 2.
300	Arch MacKenzie, “Strong Feeling Among Fans, Vs Canada Should Quit Ice Tourney,” Montreal Gazette, 8 March 1955, 18.
300	Milt Dunnell, “From Penticton to the Pack–up,” Toronto Daily Star, 5 January 1970, 8.
300	Jim Proudfoot, “Our Complacency Also Trampled,” Toronto Daily Star, 16 March 1963, 29.
300	Scott Young, War On Ice: Canada in International Hockey, 65.
300	Ike Hildebrand, “Russian Coach Uses Hockey To Gum Up Macs,” Toronto Daily Star, 17 February 1959, 19.
300	Ibid.
301	“Canada Needs A New Approach To Olympic Hockey —Dudley,” Montreal Daily Star, 29 February 1960, 27.
302	Ibid.
302	Andy O’Brien, “U.S. Won Puck Crown On Spirit,” Montreal Daily Star, 29 February 1960
302	Scott Young, War On Ice: Canada in International Hockey, 92.
302	Figure 16.16 “Rocket Power Will Replace Red Air Force,” Montreal Star, 14 January 1960.
304	Maurice Smith, “One fluke goal, one offside; ‘great disappointment’: McLeod,” Globe and Mail, 28 March 1967, 32.
304	Author interview with Bruce MacKinnon, September 2019.
305	Robert Duffy, “Canada pulls out team from world hockey play,” Globe and Mail, 5 January 1970, 1.
305	Author correspondence with Patrick Houda. January 2020.
306	“World tournament shifted to Sweden,” Montreal Gazette, 5 January 1970, 13.
306	“Sabotage!”, Montreal Gazette, 5, January 1970, 13.
307	Dick Beddoes, “Expect no favors in enemy town,” Globe and Mail, 28 March 1967, 32.
307	Olympic boss Avery Brundage’s refusal to allow professionals to compete with amateurs in world hockey was hypocritical, considering that soccer players who had played in World Cup tournaments against professionals were not threatened in the same way.

Chapter 17

308	Jeff Z. Klein, “In 1972, Hockey’s Cold War Boiled Over,” New York Times, 1 September 2012. “To me, it was war,” Esposito said in 1989 and on several occasions since. “There’s no doubt in my mind that I think I would have killed to win.”
309	Lawrence Martin, The Red Machine: The Soviet Quest to Dominate Canada’s Game, 18.
310	Ibid., 6.
313	Peter Desbarats and Terry Mosher, The Hecklers, 237.
313–4	Terry Mosher, “On Thin Ice,” Canada’s History, August–September 2012, 35.
314	Author interview with Aislin (Terry Mosher), October 2019.
314	Matthew Diffee, Hand Drawn Jokes for Smart Attractive People.
316	Roy MacSkimming, Cold War, 149.
316	Jack Ludwig, “Team Canada in War and Peace,” illustrations by Aislin, Maclean’s, 1 December 1972, 33.
316	Jack Ludwig, Hockey Night in Moscow, 43.
316	Ibid., 51, 79.
316–7	“Hockey Humiliation, Our team represented us too accurately,” Toronto Star, 4 September 1972, 6.
317	Jack Ludwig, Hockey Night in Moscow, 79.
317	Scott Morrison, The Days Canada Stood Still: Canada vs USSR 1972, 45.
318	Ibid., 51.
318	Ibid., 140.
318	Dick Beddoes, Globe and Mail, 4 September 1972.
319	Roy MacSkimming, Cold War, 146
319	Ibid., 161
319	“Spirit of ’72 Summit Series,” Hockey Hall of Fame, hhof.com.
320	Szymom Szemberg and Andrew Podnieks, World of Hockey: Celebrating a Century of  the IIHF, 73.
321	Don Weekes, World Class Hockey Trivia, 25.

Chapter 18

322	Ed Willes, Gretzky to Lemieux: The Story of the 1987 Canada Cup, 169.
322	Author interview with Bruce MacKinnon, October 2019.
323	Jack Ludwig, Hockey Night in Moscow, 46.
324	Michael Posner, “Maybe Canada would have won anyway, but the deck did tend to be a little stacked,” Maclean’s, 4 October 1976, 66.
325	Jim Proudfoot, “Victory everywhere but on the ice,” Toronto Star, 15 May 1978, B2.
325	Jim Proudfoot, “Canadians’ bronze medal proof of a job well done,” Toronto Star, 15 May 1978, B1.
326	Joe Pelletier and Patrick Houda, The World Cup of Hockey, 132.
326	Pete McMartin, “Canada captures fabulous series on Gretzky-to-Lemieux winning goal,” Vancouver Sun, 16 September 1987, B1.
327	“Brawling Soviets to be disciplined,” Vancouver Sun, 5 January 1987, 1.
328	Damien Cox, “Fire–breathing Gretzky circles the wagons,” Toronto Star, 19 February 2002, D2.
328	Stephen Brunt, “Gretzky rallies the troops in echo of the ’72 Summit,” Globe and Mail, 19 February 2002, 1.
328	Ellen Vanstone, “He ‘almost had a tear in his eye,’” Globe and Mail, 23 February 2002, F3.
328– 9	Eric Duhatschek, “U.S., Canada aim for gold,” Globe and Mail, 23 February 2002, A13.
329	Eric Duhatschek, “Canadians get ready for ultimate hockey duel,” Globe and Mail, 23 February 2002, A1.
329–31	Nicolaas Van Rijn, “Hockey win unites us, makes us feel special,” Toronto Star, 26 February 2002, A7.
331	Brett Hull and Kevin Allen, Brett: Shootin’ and Smilin’, 200.
331	Andrew Phillips, “Silver Lining,” Maclean’s, 2 March 1992, 38.
333	Bruce Wallace, “Hockey Meltdown,” Maclean’s, 2 March 1998, 35.
333	Grant Robertson, “Rules are rules: After shunning silver, Jocelyne Larocque ordered to wear medal.” Globe and Mail, 22 February 2018.
333	Joshua Clipperton, “Bedard’s brilliant overtime goal was rehearsed,” Montreal Gazette, 4 January 2023, NP9.

Chapter 19

334	Laura Robinson, She Shoots, She Scores: Canadian Perspectives on Women and Sport, 32.
334	Brian McFarlane, Proud Past, Bright Future: One Hundred Years of Canadian Women’s Hockey, 169.
334	Ibid., 167.
336	M. Ann Hall, The Girl and the Game: A History of Women’s Sport in Canada, 165.
337	Ibid., 94.
337	Bobbie Rosenfeld, “Feminine Sports Reel,” Globe and Mail, 10 January 1941, 16.
337	Brian McFarlane, Proud Past, Bright Future: One Hundred Years of Canadian Women’s Hockey, 3.
337	Michael McKinley, Hockey: A People’s History, 126.
337	Brian McFarlane, Proud Past, Bright Future: One Hundred Years of Canadian Women’s Hockey, 126.
337	M. Ann Hall, The Girl and the Game: A History of Women’s Sport in Canada, Introduction, xxii.
337	Andy Lytle, “Girls Shouldn’t Do It,” Chatelaine, May 1933, 13.
337	Fast Play at the Ladies’ Hockey Game,” Montreal Daily Star, 10 February 1910.
337–8	Christina Burr and Carol A. Reader, “Fannie ‘Bobbie’ Rosenfeld: A ‘Modern Woman’ of Sport and Journalism in Twentieth–Century Canada,” University of Windsor, Sports History Review, 2013, 44, 120–143. Cited in “Girls Are in Sports for Good,” Bobbie Rosenfeld, Chatelaine, July 1933, 6–7, 29. 78.
338	Andy Lytle, “Girls Shouldn’t Do It,” Chatelaine, May 1933, 13.
338	“Lou Marsh Introduces Andy Lytle Coast Columnist Joins Star Staff,” Toronto Star, 2 February 1934, 11.
338–9	“Fair Ladies Faced the Puck,” Montreal Daily Star, 4 March 1903, 5.
339	Ibid.
339	M. Ann Hall, The Girl and the Game: A History of Women’s Sport in Canada, Second Edition, 78, 91-92, 94, 153.
339	Ibid., 148.
339–40	H. H. Roxborough, “Give the Girls a Hand,” Maclean’s, 15 February 1929, 16.
340	Michael McKinley, Hockey: A People’s History, 125. Cited in Toronto Daily Star.
340	M. Ann Hall, The Girl and the Game: A History of Women’s Sport in Canada, Introduction.
340	“Skirts Troubled the Gentlemen,” Montreal Daily Star, 10 March 1910.
343	Victor S. Navasky, The Art of Controversy: Political Cartoons and their Enduring Power, 156.
344	J. Andrew Ross, Joining the Clubs: The Business of the National Hockey League to 1945, 182.
344	Sid Barron, The (Le) Barron Book, 1972, Introduction.
348	Brian McFarlane, Proud Past, Bright Future: One Hundred Years of Canadian Women’s Hockey, 161.
348–9	Kevin Shea, “One On One With Cammi Granato,” hhof.com, 6 December 2011.
351	Eric Duhatschek, “A Vision of Parity,” Globe and Mail, 10 January 2017, S1–S3.
351	Scott Stinson, “Women reached pinnacle with golden moment,” Montreal Gazette, 24 December 2022, B10.

Chapter 20

352	Bruce Arthur, “Game 6 dud tees up another defining moment for Maple Leafs,” Toronto Star, 21 April 2019.
353	“A Great Game at the Victoria Rink,” Montreal Gazette, 5 February 1889, 8.
353	“Five O’Clock Tea at the Victoria Rink — Other Attractions,” Montreal Gazette, 5 February 1889, 8.
353	“A Great Game at the Victoria Rink,” Montreal Gazette, 5 February 1889, 8.
354	“Sports and Pastimes,” Dominion Illustrated Monthly, 20 December 1890, 405.
355	Studs Terkel, Working, 504–505. Quote from Eric Nesterenko.
356	“The Vics after that coveted hockey cup,” Manitoba Free Press, 30 January 1901, 1.
357	“Late Fergus Kyle Had Zest For Life,” Toronto Daily Star, 4 October 1941.
357	“Mild weather a great drawback,” Toronto Daily Star, 11 January 1902, 8.
357–8	“The News of Sport,” “Winnipeggers good entertainers,” The Globe, 25 January 1902, 8
362	“Stanley Cup is to be cast adrift,” Montreal Daily Star, 18 April 1904.
362	“President of C.A.H.L. makes official statement about dropping Stanley Cup,” Montreal Daily Star, 20 April 1904.
362	“Eastern hockey situation discussed by experts,” Montreal Daily Star, 13 February 1904, 14.
362	D’Arcy Jenish, The Stanley Cup: A Hundred Years Of Hockey At Its Best, 43.
362	“The Stanley Cup,” image caption, Montreal Daily Star, 2 December 1903.
362	“‘Send back Stanley Cup,’ says Captain Dicky Boon,” Montreal Daily Star, 2 February 1903.
362	“Percy Quinn retires and will refuse to referee on Wednesday,” Montreal Daily Star, 3 February 1903.
364	Conan Tobias, “Canada’s Greatest Cartoonist, Lou Skuce’s Charmed and Versatile Career.” Taddle Creek magazine, Summer 2016.
364	“To Challenge the Canucks,” Pittsburgh Press, 19 January 1907, 10.
365	Royal Brougham, “Highest Honors in Hockey at Stake in Saturday’s Contest,” Seattle Post–Intelligencer, 17 March 1917.
365	Royal Brougham, “Seattle Is Beaten By French Wizards In Opening Battle,” Seattle Post–Intelligencer, 18 March 1917.
365	“Random Notes on Current Sports,” Toronto Daily Star, 27 March 1917, 13.
368	Cam Cole, “Great White North? Not so for NHLers,” Montreal Gazette, 19 February 2015, B5.
368	Eric Duhatschek, “Fans shouldn’t worry, On–ice fortunes of Maple Leafs will remain the same,” Globe and Mail, 10 December 2011, S1.
368–9	Michael Traikos, “No Canada: A Series, Tax Disadvantages North of the Border,” Montreal Gazette, 13 April 2016, B3.
370	Peter Desbarats and Terry Mosher, The Hecklers, 245.
371	Author interview with John Larter, October 2019.
372	Author interview with Malcolm Mayes, October 2019.
373	Author interview with Vance Rodewalt, October 2019.
374	Author interview with Malcolm Mayes, October 2019.